--------------------------------------------------
          Microsoft Windows 98 README
                 for Displays
                  April 1998            
--------------------------------------------------

(c) Copyright Microsoft Corporation, 1998


This document provides complementary or late-breaking 
information to supplement the Microsoft Windows 98 
documentation.

------------------------
HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT
------------------------

To view Display.txt on-screen in Notepad, maximize the 
Notepad window.

To print Display.txt, open it in Notepad or another word 
processor, and then on the File menu, click Print.


--------
CONTENTS
--------

WINDOWS UPDATE AND WINDOWS DRIVER LIBRARY

WINDOWS 95 UPGRADES

WINDOWS 95 DRIVER CONVERTED TO VGA

ADAPTER TYPE

MONITOR TYPE

REFRESH RATES 

DISPLAY PROBLEMS

DISPLAY TIPS

DYNAMIC COLOR CHANGE

ANIMATED CURSORS

IRQ CONFLICTS WITH PCI DISPLAY ADAPTERS

MULTIPLE DISPLAY SUPPORT
-------------------------------------------


WINDOWS UPDATE AND WINDOWS DRIVER LIBRARY
=========================================

Windows 98 includes drivers for most display adapters. 
Microsoft regularly makes additional and updated drivers 
available on the Internet through Windows Update. Windows 98 
also includes additional drivers in the Windows Driver 
Library on the Windows 98 CD. To obtain additional or 
updated drivers:

>>> If you have an Internet connection:

1. Click Start, and then click Windows Update.

2. Follow the instructions that appear on your screen.


>>> If you do not have an Internet connection:

1. Click Start, and then click Help.

2. In Windows Help, click the Index tab.

3. Type Download Library, and then click Display.

4. Follow the instructions that appear on your screen.

Microsoft updates the Windows Driver Library on the 
Internet regularly with the newest drivers from 
third-party manufacturers. These drivers are tested 
for compatibility by Microsoft and then made 
available for download. Windows Update makes these 
drivers available automatically by detecting the 
hardware on your system and offering you only 
those drivers that are compatible with your system.


WINDOWS 95 UPGRADES
===================

Windows 98 upgrades all Microsoft-provided drivers 
from Windows 95 and DirectX releases. Windows 98 
also upgrades certain third-party Windows 95 drivers 
that might experience problems running in Windows 98. 
If your display card or system included display-specific 
utilities (for example, extra display control panel 
items, refresh rate utilities, or color matching 
utilities), an upgrade to the provided Windows 98 
driver may cause the utilities to work incorrectly. 
If Windows 98 upgrades your display driver and your 
display-specific utilities are not working correctly, 
this is because the existing third-party Windows 95 
driver is incompatible with Windows 98.

Third-party display drivers and utilities are often 
very interdependent, so that if you remove one piece, 
you will break the other. The display drivers included 
with Windows 98 are intended to be generic drivers 
that provide stable support for standard Windows 
APIs and features. Because each driver must support 
a number of different configurations, it is impossible 
to support every utility with one driver. Some 
features that were formerly included in third-party 
utilities have been integrated into Windows. If you 
still want the extra features offered by your display 
adapter vendor, contact your vendor to obtain an 
updated driver and software. 


WINDOWS 95 DRIVERS CONVERTED TO VGA
===================================

Windows 98 is compatible with Windows 95 display 
drivers. However, because the internal structure and 
behavior of the operating system have changed since 
Windows 95, some problems in existing Windows 95 
drivers might become apparent only in Windows 98. If 
the Windows 98 CD contains a driver for your device, 
Windows 98 automatically upgrades known bad drivers 
(see Windows 95 Upgrades section earlier in this 
document). If the Windows 98 CD does not contain 
a driver for your device, Windows 98 converts the 
driver to VGA to allow the system to start. In this 
case, you need to obtain an updated driver, either 
by following the procedure in the Windows Update or 
Windows Driver Library section earlier in this 
document or by contacting your display hardware 
manufacturer.


ADAPTER TYPE
=============

Windows 98 Setup configures your adapter type 
based on the controller it uses, for example, S3, 
Cirrus Logic, or ATI. However, you may find a more 
exact match for your adapter make and model by 
using the Update Device Driver wizard.

In most cases, selecting a more precise adapter 
type does not change the driver or its behavior in 
any way. It only changes the name displayed in the 
Display Properties dialog. If your system is working 
with the display driver Windows 98 automatically 
installed, there's no need to make a change.

>>> To choose a more specific adapter:

1. Start the Update Device Driver wizard (see 
   Changing device drivers in Windows Help).

2. Click Next.

3. Click Display a list of all of the drivers 
   in a specific location.

4. In the Models list, select your adapter.

5. Click Next, and then follow the instructions 
   that appear on your screen.


MONITOR TYPE
=============

If Windows 98 does not contain a driver for your 
monitor type, select one of the standard monitor 
types instead. This selection will not adversely 
affect the performance or quality of the Windows 98 
display output.


REFRESH RATES
=============

To adjust the refresh rate in Windows 98, click 
Start, point to Settings, and then click Control 
Panel. Double-click Display. Click Settings, and 
then click Advanced. Click Adapter, and then select 
a refresh rate from the list.

You must select a monitor in order to set refresh 
rates. If Monitor is set to [unknown monitor], no 
custom refresh rates are available.

Refresh rates are affected by the capabilities 
of both the display adapter and the monitor. 
Windows 98 makes available all the refresh rates 
within the combined capabilities of the display 
adapter and the monitor.


DISPLAY PROBLEMS
================

>>> If your display is visible but imaging incorrectly:

1. Right-click the desktop.

2. Click Properties.

3. In the Display Properties dialog box, click the 
   Settings tab.

4. Click Advanced, and then click Performance.

5. Move the Hardware acceleration slider one notch 
   to the left.

If the problem isn't corrected, repeat the above 
procedure and move the slider farther to the left.

NOTE: Moving the Hardware acceleration slider to 
the left disables some of the graphics acceleration 
functions of your display adapter. If your display-related 
problems are due to incompatibilities in the display 
driver, this fixes them by using less of the 
acceleration features in the driver.


>>> If your display is blank or unreadable when 
    Windows starts:

1. Restart your computer.

2. Press and hold CTRL until the Microsoft 
   Windows 98 Startup menu appears.

3. Select Safe mode. 
   Windows starts in VGA mode.

4. Right-click the desktop.

5. Click Properties.

6. In the Display Properties dialog box, 
   click Settings.

7. Click OK. 
   Windows notifies you that it will restart 
   in VGA mode.

8. Click Yes, and restart your computer.


When your computer restarts, it will be running 
in VGA (640x480, 16-color) mode. You can now reset 
your display settings by right-clicking the 
desktop, clicking Properties, and then clicking 
Settings. If the resolution you want to select is 
not available, choose another resolution (anything 
but 640x480, 16-color), and let Windows restart. 
The full set of resolutions and color depths will 
be available after you restart your computer.

NOTE: Your display can be blank for a number of 
reasons, including incorrectly set refresh rates, 
an incompatible display driver, an invalid mode, 
etc. Because the display is not visible in these 
cases, it is impossible to correct these problems 
without restarting in Safe Mode. In Safe Mode, 
Windows does not load your original display driver, 
so none of the display settings are available for 
you to change. Instead, Windows automatically 
resets your display settings to the defaults 
(640x480, 16-color, single monitor, default 
refresh rate). Then, you can restart in normal 
Windows mode and make corrections to your 
display settings. 

After restarting your computer in Safe Mode, 
change the resolution to VGA. Not all display 
modes may appear in the Display Properties Settings 
dialog box. This is because when Windows 98 is 
running in VGA mode, the accelerated display driver 
is not loaded, so Windows cannot query it for 
available modes. Once you switch to another mode, 
Windows prompts you to restart so it can load 
the accelerated display driver. After the second 
restart, Windows 98 adds the full mode list 
supported by your dipslay hardware to the Display 
Properties Settings dialog box. 


DYNAMIC COLOR CHANGE
=======================

Although most programs allow you to dynamically 
change color depth, some programs may not display 
colors or other elements correctly after a color 
change. To avoid this problem, change color depth 
before you start the program. If you change color 
depth while a program is running, you might need 
to restart the program to ensure that the changed 
setting works correctly.


ANIMATED CURSORS
================

If Windows 98 is not using 32-bit disk access, 
cursors are not animated. To determine if you 
are using 32-bit disk access, click Start, point 
to Settings, click Control Panel, and then 
double-click System. In the System Properties 
dialog box, click Performance.


IRQ CONFLICTS WITH PCI DISPLAY ADAPTERS
=======================================

If your PCI display adapter is configured by 
your BIOS to use IRQ 15 and a functioning 
secondary PCI IDE disk controller is also 
configured to use IRQ 15 (by default), 
Windows 98 assigns IRQ 15 to the IDE disk 
controller. This assignment forces your display 
adapter to use VGA mode. 

To load the accelerated Windows 98 driver for 
your display adapter, eliminate the resource 
conflict. Choose one of the following methods:

- If your BIOS allows, disable the secondary PCI 
  IDE controller in the BIOS and disable Device 
  Manager in System properties.
- If your BIOS allows, disable the IRQ of the 
  display adapter.
- If your BIOS allows, manually reconfigure the 
  display adapter to use a different IRQ setting.
- Obtain a BIOS upgrade from your hardware vendor. 


Multiple Display Support
======================== 

With multiple-monitors you can use one computer 
to control two to nine monitors through a common 
desktop. Multiple-monitors increases the size of 
your screen, so you can see multiple applications 
or windows simultaneously. 


Required Hardware for Multiple-Monitors
---------------------------------------

Any combination of the following supported PCI-based 
cards can be used with multiple-monitors. Only cards 
based on the following chipsets work as secondary cards. 

NOTE: You also need to use the specified driver.

- The following drivers are supported by Microsoft and 
  are included on the Windows 98 CD:

Card				Driver
----------------------------------------------------
ATI Mach 64 GX (GX, GXD, VT)	ATIM64.drv
ATI Graphics Pro Turbo PCI
ATI Graphics Xpression 
ATI WinTurbo

ATI Rage I, II, & II+		ATI_M64.drv
ATI All-In-Wonder
ATI 3D Xpression+ PC2TV
ATI 3D Xpression
ATI 3D Xpression+

ATI Rage Pro (AGP & PCI)	ATIR3.drv
ATI Xpert@Work, 4 & 8 MB
ATI Xpert@Play, 4 & 8 MB
ATI All-In-Wonder Pro

S3 765 (Trio64V+)		S3MM.drv

Only certain updates work. These are 40, 42, 43, 
44, 52, 53, & 54.

NOTE: If the card is at one of these updates, then
Windows 98 will recognize the card as a Trio 64V+,
provided the Microsoft driver is used. If the card 
is not at one of these updates, then it is recognized
as a Trio 32/64. Some OEM drivers dont care which 
update is present; be sure to note carefully which 
Microsoft driver Windows 98 selects when you use 
this card.

S3 Trio64V2(DX/GX)		S3MM.drv
Diamond Stealth 64 Video 2001 
STB PowerGraph 64V+
STB MVP 64
Miro TwinHead 22SD
Hercules Terminator 64/Video
Number Nine 9FX Reality 332 
   (S3 Virge)
Number Nine 9FX Reality 334 
   (S3 Virge GX/2)
Number Nine 9FX Reality 772
   (S3 Virge VX)
California Graphics V2/DX
Videologic GraphicsStar 410

Cirrus 5436			CIRRUSMM.drv
Cirrus Alpine

Cirrus 5446			CIRRUSMM.drv
STB Nitro 64V

S3 ViRGE	 		S3V.drv
(ViRGE (325)
ViRGE VX (988)
ViRGE DX (385)
ViRGE GX (385))
Diamond Stealth 3D 2000
Diamond Stealth 3D 3000
Diamond Stealth 3D 2000 Pro
Number Nine 9FX Reality 332
STB Nitro 3D
STB Powergraph 3D
STB Velocity 3D
STB MVP/64
STB MVP/64 3D
STB WorkStation (2 & 4 output)
Miro Crystal VR4000

ET6000				ET6000.drv
Hercules Dynamite 128/Video
STB Lightspeed 128

S3 Aurora			S3MM.drv
Compaq Armada

Trident 9685/9680/9682		TRID_PCI.DRV
/9385/9382/9385
Jaton Video - 57P

	
- The following driver is located in the 
  C:\Windows\System32\drivers directory:

InterGraphics Systems (IGS) 	IGA2K.DRV
CyberPro 2000A, 2MB	


- The following drivers are available directly from 
  the vendor and work in multiple-monitor systems. 
  These drivers are not supported by Microsoft.

Permedia 2			GLINT.DRV
TI TVP4020, 8 meg PCI	 
(Reference board)
TI TVP4020 8 meg AGP
(Reference board)
Diamond Fire GL Pro 1000 PCI			
Diamond Fire GL Pro 1000 AGP		
STB (Symmetric) Glyder MAX-2 PCI	

To download this driver used with these cards, visit 
the Web site at http://www.3dlabs.com

In addition, newer cards and drivers that were not 
available when Windows 98 was developed may also 
support multiple-monitors. Consult the vendor 
documentation or contact the vendor to determine 
whether your card and drivers support multiple-monitors.


Setting Up Multiple-Monitors
----------------------------

		
1. Determine which card you want to use as your 
   primary card. First make sure that the card 
   works with multiple-monitors.

2. Insert the card into your motherboard, and then 
   add your second card. The system BIOS will decide 
   which card is the primary card. One way to verify 
   which card is your primary card is to check which 
   card displays the Windows 98 Startup logo when you 
   turn on the computer. The card that displays the 
   Startup logo is the primary card, and the card 
   that appears to be inactive is the secondary card. 
   If this is not what you want, reverse the order of 
   the cards in the PCI slots.

3. Repeat this procedure for each additional card. 
   Unfortunately, with current system BIOSs, there is 
   no way to determine which adapter will be the second, 
   third, or fourth card until the card is actually 
   used.

4. Start Windows 98. Windows automatically detects 
   the new cards. When you are prompted, restart 
   your computer.

5. During Startup, Windows initializes the new secondary 
   adapter and displays a message indicating the card is 
   correctly initialized.

6. If the primary card displays in 640x480 and 16 
   colors, right-click the desktop, click Settings, 
   click the Colors down arrow, and then select the 
   256 Colors setting or a higher setting. Click OK, 
   and then restart your computer.

7. After you log on, right-click desktop, click Properties, 
   and then click Settings. In the Display area, Windows 
   lists each video adapter in your system. Find the adapter 
   you want to use, and click on it.

8. Click the Extend my window desktop onto this monitor 
   check box, and then click Apply.


Troubleshooting Multiple-Monitor Setup
--------------------------------------

Extend my Windows desktop onto this monitor 
option is unavailable:

1. Make sure that the monitor is set to display in 
   256 colors or higher.

2. Verify that your secondary card is compatible 
   with multiple-monitors.

3. Make sure you are not using a Windows 3.1 
   driver for the primary card.

4. Check to see if you are using an ISA, VLB, or 
   MCA card. Multiple-monitors require PCI or AGP cards 
   for all display adapters.

5. Check to see whether any third-party display control 
   panels are installed. Right-click the desktop, and 
   then click Properties. Look for any tabs that are 
   related to the video cards in your system. Next, 
   click Settings, and then click Advanced. You should 
   see only the General, Adapter, Monitor, Performance, 
   Color Management, and possibly the ATI Display tabs. 
   You can usually remove any Display Control Panel 
   extensions that you find by using the Add/Remove 
   Programs feature in the Control Panel.


Common Problems:

If your system will not start when you have two video 
cards installed or if the second comes up with a "code 12" 
in Device Manager, move all the video cards needed to 
the slots that are closest to the motherboard when on a 
riser card. Some systems only support display adapter 
cards in the first one or two slots closest to the 
motherboard.


If you experience one of the following problems, disable 
your on-board Rage II. This device cannot be used as one 
of your multiple-monitor display adapters.

- Your on-board ATI Rage II displays vertical green 
  bands when you install the secondary card. 
- Your system locks up during Startup, and the Automatic 
  Skip Driver (ASD) reports that My system died while 
  initializing a video ROM.
- Your IBM Aptiva locks up during Startup after detecting 
  the secondary, loading the drivers, and rebooting.
- Nothing happens when you click the Extend my Windows 
  desktop onto this monitor check box. 


If a yellow exclamation point appears beside one of your 
video cards in Device Manager and if it indicates the region 
of memory that the video card uses is in use, try one of 
the following:

- On some laptops, you can specify where the region 
  of memory used by the video card is located in the 
  system BIOS. Set this to C000-CFFF or to the largest 
  range possible that begins with C000.

- Remove EMM386.EXE

- Type the following under the [386enh] section of 
  system.ini:

	Emmexclude C000-CFFF


If your system locks up after installing the secondary 
card when you add a STB Workstation two-adapter card, then 
the video cards in this system are configured incorrectly 
by the system BIOS. As a result, it destabilizes the entire 
system. Your particular system probably cannot use video 
cards that are behind PCI-PCI bridges.


If your card is listed in the supported card section, but 
Device Manager indicates that your card does not work with 
Multiple Display Support, then make sure that you are using 
the right driver, as listed at the beginning of this document.


If Device Manager indicates that My primary video card 
cannot be disabled, your card is not supported in this 
configuration for multiple-monitor.


If you experience one of the following problems, then your 
display driver is not compatible with multi-monitor. Contact 
your vendor for an updated driver.

- If your screen goes black during Startup or your system 
  hangs and the Windows bootlog option indicates that the 
  problem occurred in GDI.

- A message appears on your screen indicating that a fatal 
  exception has occurred in GDI.







