















         GGlloossssaarryy








             aacccceelleerraattoorr
                  A key or sequence of keys (typically a modifier
                  key and some other key) that provides a shortcut,
                  immediately accessing a program function.

             aaccttiioonn
                  A procedure associated with a widget and invoked
                  by the Xt event dispatcher when the widget
                  receives an event of a given type.  The widget's
                  translation table associates event descriptions
                  with actions.

             aaccttiivvaattiioonn
                  Invocation of a component's primary action.  For
                  example, the user activates a PushButton by
                  pressing BBSSeelleecctt on the PushButton.

             aanncchhoorr
                  A position in a collection of selectable objects
                  that marks one endpoint of an extended selection
                  range.

             aattoomm
                  An identifier that is unique to the display and is
                  associated with a given name.  Common uses are to
                  identify properties, types, and selections.

             bbiittmmaapp
                  A pixmap with a depth of one bit.





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        OSF/Motif Programmer's Guide


             ccaallllbbaacckk
                  An application-defined procedure that a widget
                  invokes at some specified time.  Often the widget
                  invokes a callback from an action routine when the
                  widget receives an event of a given type.  Widgets
                  that invoke callbacks have resources whose value
                  is a list of callback procedures.

             cchhaarraacctteerr sseett
                  A set of characters that, either individually or
                  in combination, represents meaningful words in a
                  language.

             ccllaassss
                  A group of elements all of the same type.  A
                  resource class represents a group of resources
                  with different names.  A widget class represents
                  the procedures and data structures shared by all
                  widgets of that class.

             cclliieenntt
                  A program written specifically for use with the X
                  Window System.  Clients create their own windows
                  and know how to resize themselves.

             cclliippbbooaarrdd sseelleeccttiioonn
                  A selection often used to cut or copy data from
                  one client and paste it into another client or
                  another window of the same client.

             cclliippppiinngg
                  The restriction of output to a particular area of
                  the screen by a given boundary.  For example,
                  windows are clipped by their parents.

             ccooddee sseett
                  The set of binary values needed to represent all
                  the characters in a language.

             ccoolloorrmmaapp
                  An association between pixel values and colors.
                  Each color is represented by a triple of red,
                  green, and blue values that result in a particular
                  color on a particular screen.  Each window has an
                  associated colormap that determines what color is
                  used to display each pixel.

             ccoommppoossiittee
                  One of a group of widgets that can have child
                  widgets and can manage their children's geometry.




        GL-2                                         August 27, 1992








                                                            Glossary


             ccoommppoouunndd ssttrriinngg
                  A byte stream consisting of tag-length-value
                  segments and representing zero or more pieces of
                  text.  A compound string has components that
                  contain the text to be displayed, a tag (called a
                  font list element tag) to be matched with an
                  element of a font list, and an indicator denoting
                  the direction in which the text is to be
                  displayed.

             ccuurrssoorr
                  A graphical image, usually a pipe (|) or block,
                  that shows the location where text will appear on
                  the screen when keys on the keyboard are pressed
                  or where a selection can be made.

             ddeessttiinnaattiioonn
                  The location at which transfer actions place data.

             ddiiaalloogg
                  A widget that provides a means of communicating
                  between the user and the application.  A dialog is
                  a popup that usually asks a question or presents
                  some information to the user.  A dialog can be
                  modal, suspending the application until the user
                  provides a response, or modeless, allowing the
                  user to interact with the application during the
                  dialog.

             ddiissppllaayy
                  An abstraction that represents the input and
                  output devices controlled by a single server.
                  Usually a display consists of a keyboard, a
                  pointing device, and one or more screens.

             ddrraagg aanndd ddrroopp
                  A transfer mechanism where data is dragged from a
                  source to a drop site using mouse motion.

             ddrraagg iiccoonn
                  A graphic that is generated using pixmaps and is
                  moved during a drag operation.  The drag icon is
                  composed of a source pixmap, a state cursor, and
                  an operation cursor.

             ddrraagg iinniittiiaattoorr
                  The client within whose window the user starts a
                  drag transaction.  _S_e_e _a_l_s_o ddrraagg ssoouurrccee.

             ddrraagg ssoouurrccee
                  The object whose graphical representation is being



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        OSF/Motif Programmer's Guide


                  dragged and whose data the user wishes to
                  transfer.

             ddrraawwaabbllee
                  An entity that can be the source or destination
                  for a graphics operation.  Both windows and
                  pixmaps are drawables.

             ddrroopp ssiittee
                  An area of the screen on which the user can drop a
                  drag icon.

             eevveenntt
                  A means by which the server notifies clients of
                  changes of state.  An event may be a side effect
                  of a client request, or it may have a completely
                  asynchronous cause, such as the user's pressing a
                  key or moving the pointer.  In addition, a client
                  may send an event, via the server, to another
                  client.

             eevveenntt hhaannddlleerr
                  A procedure called by the Xt event dispatcher when
                  a widget receives an event of a given type.  Event
                  handlers provide input processing at a lower level
                  than callbacks or action routines.

             eevveenntt lloooopp
                  A program loop in which the application receives
                  an event, handles the event, and then waits for
                  the next event.  An event loop usually does not
                  end until the user terminates the application.  Xt
                  provides an event-dispatching loop suitable for
                  most applications.

             eexxppoorrtt ttaarrggeett
                  A type of object that a drag source can process.

             ffooccuuss
                  _S_e_e kkeeyybbooaarrdd ffooccuuss.

             ffoonntt
                  A collection of glyphs and associated metrics
                  usually used to display text.

             ffoonntt lliisstt
                  A list of entries, each of which consists of a
                  font list element tag and either a font or a font
                  set.  When Motif displays text, it associates the
                  text with a font list element tag in a font list
                  and uses the corresponding font or font set to



        GL-4                                         August 27, 1992








                                                            Glossary


                  render the text.

             ffoonntt lliisstt eelleemmeenntt ttaagg
                  A string associated with a text segment of a
                  compound string or with a font or font set in a
                  font list.  When Motif displays text, it
                  associates the text with a font list element tag
                  in a font list and uses the corresponding font or
                  font set to render the text.

             ffoonntt sseett
                  A group of fonts often representing the fonts
                  needed to display text in the encoding of a
                  particular locale.

             ggaaddggeett
                  An object that is like a primitive widget in most
                  respects except that it has no associated window
                  or translations.  A gadget depends on a manager
                  parent for its colors and for input dispatching.

             GGCC
                  _S_e_e ggrraapphhiiccss ccoonntteexxtt.

             ggeeoommeettrryy
                  The elements of a widget's layout, including its
                  size, location, and stacking order.

             ggeeoommeettrryy mmaannaaggeemmeenntt
                  The process by which the user, parent widgets, and
                  child widgets negotiate the actual sizes and
                  locations of the widgets in an application.  In
                  general, a child widget can ask its parent to
                  change its geometry but cannot make any changes on
                  its own.  A parent can grant or reject a request
                  from its child and can force changes on the child
                  at other times.

             ggrraabb
                  A client's assertion of exclusive use of a
                  keyboard key, the keyboard, a pointer button, the
                  pointer, or the server.  Applications usually do
                  not use explicit grabs, but toolkits and window
                  managers often use them to implement such features
                  as menus and accelerators.

             ggrraapphhiiccss ccoonntteexxtt ((GGCC))
                  A collection of attributes that determine how any
                  given graphics operation affects a drawable.  Each
                  graphics operation on a drawable is executed using
                  a given graphics context specified by the client.



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        OSF/Motif Programmer's Guide


                  Some attributes of a graphics context are the
                  foreground pixel, background pixel, line width,
                  and clipping region.

             hhoottssppoott
                  The location in a cursor that corresponds to the
                  coordinates of the pointer position.

             II1188NN
                  _S_e_e iinntteerrnnaattiioonnaalliizzaattiioonn.

             iimmppoorrtt ttaarrggeett
                  A type of object that a drop site can process.

             iinnppuutt ccoonntteexxtt
                  The mechanism used to provide the state
                  information flow between an application and the
                  input method.

             iinnppuutt ffooccuuss
                  _S_e_e kkeeyybbooaarrdd ffooccuuss.

             iinnppuutt mmeetthhoodd
                  A layer of mapping between the keyboard keys (or
                  combination of keys) that the user types and the
                  text data that is passed to the application.

             iinnsseerrttiioonn ccuurrssoorr
                  The graphical symbol that provides the visual cue
                  to the location of the insertion point in a Text
                  component.

             iinntteerrnnaattiioonnaalliizzaattiioonn ((II1188NN))
                  The process of generalizing programs or systems so
                  that they can handle a variety of languages,
                  character sets, and national customs.

             kkeeyybbooaarrdd ffooccuuss
                  A state of the system that indicates which
                  component receives keyboard events.  A component
                  is said to have the focus if keyboard events are
                  sent to that component.

             kkeeyybbooaarrdd ttrraavveerrssaall
                  The set of actions, usually invoked from the
                  keyboard, that cause focus to move from one
                  component to another within an application or
                  between applications.

             llooccaalliizzaattiioonn
                  The process of providing language-specific or



        GL-6                                         August 27, 1992








                                                            Glossary


                  country-specific information and support for
                  programs.

             mmaannaaggee
                  To place the geometry of a child widget under the
                  control of its parent.  In general widgets are
                  eligible to appear on the screen only after they
                  are managed.

             mmaannaaggeerr
                  One of a group of widgets that can have children
                  and can manage their geometry.  Managers provide
                  colors and input dispatching for gadget children.

             mmaapp
                  To mark a window as eligible to be visible on the
                  screen.  A window actually becomes visible when
                  all of its ancestors are mapped and when it is not
                  obscured by an ancestor or by another window.

             mmeennuu
                  A popup widget usually allowing the user to make a
                  single selection from a constrained set of
                  choices.  A menu is usually modal, suspending the
                  application until the user makes a selection or
                  dismisses the menu.  When torn off, a menu becomes
                  modeless, allowing the user to interact with the
                  application while the menu remains visible.

             mmnneemmoonniicc
                  A single character (frequently the initial
                  character) of a Menu selection.  When the Menu is
                  displayed and the user presses the key that
                  corresponds to that character, the Menu selection
                  is chosen.

             mmooddaall
                  A state of a dialog that requires the user to
                  interact with the dialog before interacting with
                  other parts of the application or with other
                  applications.  Three modal styles exist: primary
                  application modal, full application modal, and
                  system modal.  _S_e_e _a_l_s_o mmooddeelleessss.

             mmooddeelleessss
                  A state of a dialog that does not require the user
                  to interact with the dialog before interacting
                  with other parts of the application or with other
                  applications.  _S_e_e _a_l_s_o mmooddaall.





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        OSF/Motif Programmer's Guide


             ooffff--tthhee--ssppoott
                  A location for the pre-edit area in an input
                  method.  The input data is displayed in a window
                  within the application window but not at the point
                  of insertion.

             oovveerr--tthhee--ssppoott
                  A location for the pre-edit area in an input
                  method.  The input data is displayed in a window
                  immediately above the point of insertion.

             ppaannee
                  A widget that is a child of a PanedWindow.  The
                  user adjusts the size of a pane by means of a
                  sash.

             ppeennddiinngg ddeelleettee
                  A state of a Text component in which some user
                  actions cause the current selection to be deleted.

             ppiixxeell
                  A unit of height and width for a window or pixmap.
                  Each pixel has a number of bits or planes equal to
                  the depth of the window or pixmap.  Thus, each
                  pixel has an integral value whose range depends on
                  the depth of the drawable.  The pixel value is
                  used as an index into a colormap to determine the
                  color to display for that pixel.

             ppiixxmmaapp
                  A two-dimensional array of pixels, all of the same
                  depth.  Like a window, a pixmap is a drawable, an
                  entity that can be the source or destination for a
                  graphics operation.

             ppooppuupp
                  A widget that is outside the normal widget
                  hierarchy.  Any widget can have popup children,
                  and the widget does not manage these children.  A
                  popup's window is a descendant of the root window,
                  and the popup is not clipped by the parent widget.
                  A popup usually appears on the screen temporarily
                  in behalf of its parent.  Dialogs and menus are
                  the most common popups.

             pprree--eeddiitt aarreeaa
                  An area that displays the intermediate text
                  characters for languages whose characters may
                  require more than one keystroke to complete.





        GL-8                                         August 27, 1992








                                                            Glossary


             pprree--eeddiittiinngg
                  Creating characters in a particular language by
                  using individual keystrokes  or combinations of
                  keystrokes.

             pprriimmaarryy sseelleeccttiioonn
                  The principal selection, used to transfer data
                  from one client to another or to another window of
                  the same client.

             pprriimmiittiivvee
                  One of a group of widgets that usually do not have
                  children.

             pprrooppeerrttyy
                  An entity associated with a window and consisting
                  of a name, a type, a data format, and data.
                  Properties are often used for communicating
                  between clients and between a client and the
                  window manager.

             rreeaalliizzee
                  To create windows for a widget and its managed
                  children.

             rreecceeiivveerr
                  The client containing the destination of a drag
                  and drop transaction.

             rreessoouurrccee
                  An element of a database representing options or
                  values for attributes of an application.  A
                  resource is a triple consisting of a name, a
                  class, and a value.  A name and class may consist
                  of components, each identifying the name or class
                  of a particular level of a hierarchy.  A widget
                  can also have resources, whose values are derived
                  from the resource database or set directly by the
                  application.

             rroooott wwiinnddooww
                  A window that covers the entire viewable extent of
                  the screen and is the ancestor of all other
                  windows on the screen.

             rroooott--wwiinnddooww
                  A pre-edit area (or window) that is a child of the
                  root window and not a part of the application
                  window.





        August 27, 1992                                         GL-9








        OSF/Motif Programmer's Guide


             ssaasshh
                  A control with which the user changes the sizes of
                  panes in a PanedWindow.

             ssccrreeeenn
                  An abstraction that represents a single bitmapped
                  output device on a display.

             sseeccoonnddaarryy sseelleeccttiioonn
                  A selection, usually transitory, used to transfer
                  data from one client to another or to another
                  window of the same client without disturbing the
                  primary selection.

             sseelleeccttiioonn
                  A mechanism for transferring data from one client
                  to another or to another window of the same
                  client.  The principal types of selection are
                  primary, secondary, and clipboard.  The display
                  contains only one selection of each type.  It is
                  owned by a client or by no one and, if owned, is
                  attached to a window of the owning client.

             sseennssiittiivvee
                  Eligible to receive input events.  Xt does not
                  dispatch most input events to insensitive widgets.

             sseerrvveerr
                  The component of the X Window System that manages
                  input and the visual display.

             sshheellll
                  One of a group of widgets that envelop the top-
                  level widgets, including dialogs and menus, in an
                  application.  A shell usually has only one managed
                  child, and its window is often coincident with the
                  managed child's window.  A shell usually handles
                  communication with the window manager.

             ssttaattuuss aarreeaa
                  An input method output-only window thaqt
                  identifies the input style (phonetic, numeric,
                  stroke and radial, etc.) and the current status of
                  an input method interaction.

             ttaabb ggrroouupp
                  A widget or set of widgets to which the user
                  traverses by means of the <<TTaabb>> key.  Within a tab
                  group, the user traverses to non-tab-group
                  descendants by means of the arrow keys.




        GL-10                                        August 27, 1992








                                                            Glossary


             ttrraannssllaattiioonn
                  A mapping from an event description to one or more
                  actions.  When a widget receives an event, Xt
                  searches the widget's translation table for a
                  matching event description.  If it finds such a
                  description, it invokes the associated action or
                  actions.

             ttrraavveerrssaall
                  _S_e_e kkeeyybbooaarrdd ttrraavveerrssaall.

             vviirrttuuaall bbiinnddiinngg
                  An assocation between an abstract key or pointer
                  button, known as a virtual key or virtual button,
                  and a physical key or button on the display.

             vviirrttuuaall bbuuttttoonn
                  An abstract representation of a pointer button
                  that is independent of any physical button.  A
                  virtual button is associated with a physical
                  button by means of a virtual binding.

             vviirrttuuaall kkeeyy
                  An abstract representation of a key that is
                  independent of any physical key.  A virtual key is
                  associated with a physical key by means of a
                  virtual binding.

             wwiiddggeett
                  An object used to hold data and present an
                  interface to the user.  A widget is a combination
                  of state and procedure.  Each widget is a member
                  of a class, which holds the procedures and data
                  structures common to all widgets of that class.  A
                  widget instance holds the procedures and data
                  structures particular to that single widget.  Each
                  widget class typically provides the general
                  behavior associated with a particular kind of
                  interaction with the user.

             wwiinnddooww
                  A data structure that represents all or part of
                  the display screen.  Visually, a window is
                  represented as a subarea of the display screen.

             wwiinnddooww mmaannaaggeerr
                  A program that controls the size, placement, and
                  operation of windows on the workspace.  The window
                  manager includes the functional window frames that
                  surround each window object and may include a
                  separate Menu for the workspace.



        August 27, 1992                                        GL-11








        OSF/Motif Programmer's Guide
























































        GL-12                                        August 27, 1992






